Mathematically, the modulated wave can be written in the form:
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These variations are controlled by both the frequency and the amplitude of the modulating wave.
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Telecommunications are based on transmitting modulated waves / signals through a medium and receiving them.
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The principle of the spatially modulated wave field was developed in 1993 by Bailey et al.
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Furthermore, unlike elliptic or square-wave bursting, there is a slow modulating wave which, at its peak, excites the cell enough to generate a burst and inhibits the cell in regions near its minimum.
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Where E is the intrinsic wave energy and \ omega _ i is the intrinsic frequency of the slowly modulated waves intrinsic here implying : as observed in a frame of reference moving with the mean velocity of the motion.
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First, it has been experimentally demonstrated that is possible to receive and demodulate an electromagnetic wave by means of a nanoradio, i . e ., an electromechanically resonating carbon nanotube which is able to decode an amplitude or frequency modulated wave.
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When presented with single-frequency or upward frequency-modulated waves, fish underestimate the distance of the wave source; this suggests the normal downward FM of capillary waves, which arises almost immediately in wave dispersion, is necessary for " A lineatus " to judge distance.
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The derivation of an exact wave-action equation for more general wave motion not limited to slowly modulated waves, small-amplitude waves or ( non-dissipative ) conservative systems was provided and analysed by using the framework of the generalised Lagrangian mean for the separation of wave and mean motion.
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More generally, for weakly nonlinear and slowly modulated waves propagating in one space dimension and including higher-order dispersion effects not neglecting the time and space derivatives \ partial _ t a and \ partial _ x a of the amplitude a ( \ mu x, \ mu t ) when taking derivatives, where \ mu \ ll 1 is a small modulation parameter the averaged Lagrangian density is of the form:
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